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Nanoscale layers are gatekeepers of light. This is why reflectors are predominantly thin-film reflectors. Designing a mirror is a balancing act between reflectivity requirements, durability in specific environments, manufacturing technologies, and, of course, cost. In this post, we’ll explore the most common metallic mirrors and the physics that makes them reflect. Reflectivity of mirror metals for unpolarized light with indicent angle at 45 ° Universe's way of repeating a st

Vacuum coating technologies are a group of technologies, in which the environment for small particles - atoms, molecules, ions and electrons are provided for them to follow thermal motion and electric and magnetic force fields. Whereas in contrast as a group of particles within solid material, liquid or gas they would rather collectively obey the inter-molecular forces, fluid dynamics and laws of gravity. A physical vacuum find its mirror in solid matter. Though firm to the

Aside from liquid lubrication, surface engineering of tribological contacts is a way of controlling friction and wear. With carbon based thin films surface properties can be modified within a wide range from soft graphite to hard diamond. Modification takes place in the near surface region within thickness from nanometres to micrometres. Carbon Carbon is a real shapeshifter, from graphite and diamond to carbon nanotubes and football like fullerenes. With shape shifts its prop

Silicon dioxide is a fascinating material as it can form 3-dimensional network in many ways due to “flexibility” of O-Si-O bond. At elevated temperatures or pressures, it naturally takes another forms with another sets of properties and as molten it has peculiar properties like those of water. With varying additional trace elements or inclusions in structure, quartz can be found in varying forms from sand to beautifully coloured gems in nature. Even air can be introduced into